The second volume of A History of the Christian Tradition takes the reader through the momentous events of the post-Reformation Christian world to the dawning of the ecumenical movement in the late 20th century. Beginning with an overview of Protestant Europe, this volume examines the missionary ventures in the 16th and 17th centuries, the establishment of churches in the New World, and the struggles between rationalism and faith during the Enlightenment and later. Notice is also given to developments in the Orthodox churches and the story of the Jews in Christian Europe. The history concludes with renewal movements, culminating in the Second Vatican Council and the pontificate of Pope John Paul II.